Laboratory
![](https://46d9c9ea86.cbaul-cdnwnd.com/78bf4575cf476d2f26b7b4594bd0b040/200000021-795d47a56f/furnace2.jpg?ph=46d9c9ea86)
Vacuum Furnaces with Metal Heaters
Two high-vacuum furnaces with tungsten-mesh heaters, A tungsten-mesh high-vacuum furnace with a hydrogen flow system — Evaporation and condensation of minerals / Isotopic fractionation during evaporation from silicate melts / Formation processes of chondritic components
![](https://46d9c9ea86.cbaul-cdnwnd.com/78bf4575cf476d2f26b7b4594bd0b040/200000022-b5aaab6a3e/ir.jpg?ph=46d9c9ea86)
Vacuum Furnaces with External Heating Elements
A high-vacuum gold-image furnace with a gas flow system (e.g., H2-H2O), Three gold-mirror high-vacuum furnaces with gas flow systems, A vacuum gold-image furnace — Evaporation and vapor growth of minerals / Gas-solid-melt reaction / Crystallization, hydration, and isotopic exchange of amorphous silicates / Formation processes of chondritic components
![](https://46d9c9ea86.cbaul-cdnwnd.com/78bf4575cf476d2f26b7b4594bd0b040/200000023-8b0598c010/picachu.jpg?ph=46d9c9ea86)
Low-Temperathre Photolysis Apparatus
A low-temperathre photolysis apparatus with a heater and a high-resolution qudrupole mass spectrometer, Photochemistry in Interstellar Cloud for Astro-Chronicle in Hokkaido University (PICACHU) — Formation and evolution of ice and organic materials
![](https://46d9c9ea86.cbaul-cdnwnd.com/78bf4575cf476d2f26b7b4594bd0b040/200000025-6e2bc6f26f/furnace.jpg?ph=46d9c9ea86)
One-atmosphere Furnaces and Ovens
A high-temperature furnace with molybdenum disilicide heating elements (up to 1,600°C), muffle furnaces (up to 1,250–1,000°C) — Synthesis of minerals and glasses / Experiments with evacuated/sealed glass tubes / Formation processes of chondritic components
![](https://46d9c9ea86.cbaul-cdnwnd.com/78bf4575cf476d2f26b7b4594bd0b040/200000024-ca82ccb7dd/ftir.jpg?ph=46d9c9ea86)
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer
Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer with an ATR system — Sample characterization / Quantitative analysis of reaction degrees